Scholarly Articles
Alexander, M. (2010, December 6). The new Jim Crow: How mass incarceration turns people of color into permanent second-class citizens. The American Prospect. Retrieved from https://prospect.org/special-report/new-jim-crow/
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APHA. (n.d.). Racism and Health Resources. Retrieved from https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/health-equity/racism-and-health.
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APHA. (2019). Racism: Science and tools for the public health professional. Retrieved from https://secure.apha.org//imis/ItemDetail?iProductCode=978-087553-3032&CATEGORY=BK.
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Bailey, Z., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N. & Bassett, M.T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and Interventions. The Lancet, 389(10077), 1453-1463. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X
Bourgois, P., Holmes, S.M., Sue, K., & Quesada, J. (2017). Structural vulnerability: Operationalizing the concept to address health disparities in clinical care. Academic Medicine, 92(3), 299-307. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001294
Brondolo, E., Libby, D.J., Denton, E. G., Thompson, S., Beatty, D.L., Schwartz, J., Sweeney, M., Tobin, J., Cassells, A. Pickering, T., & Gerin, W. (2008). Racism and ambulatory blood pressure in a community sample. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(1), 49-56. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815ff3bd
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Cauly, L. (2020). Sticks and stones - Confronting the full spectrum of racism. New England Journal of Medicine, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31565-810.1056/NEJMp2021216
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Choo, E. (2020). Seven things organizations should be doing to combat racism. The Lancet, 396(10245): 157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31565-8
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Cooke, C. L., Bowie, B. H., & Carrere, S. (2014). Perceived discrimination and children's mental health symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science, 37(4), 299-314. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000047
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DeVane-Johson, S., Giscombe, C., Williams, R., Fogel, C., & Thoyre, S. (2018). A qualitative study of social, cultural, and historical influences on African American women's infant-feeding practices. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 27(2): 71-85.
DiAngelo, R. (2011). White fragility. International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 3(3), 54-70. Retrieved from https://libjournal.uncg.edu/ijcp/article/viewFile/249/116
Drevdahl, D. (2001). Teaching about race, racism, and health. Journal of Nursing Education, 40(6), 285-288. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.proxy.seattleu.edu/docview/203937808/fulltext/73396C486B054555PQ
Ford, C.L. & Airhihenbuwa, C.O., PhD. (2010). Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: Toward antiracism praxis. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl 1), S30-S35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.171058
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Gatewood, E., Broholm, C., Herman, J., & Yingling, C. (2019). Making the invisible visible: Implementing an implicit bias activity in nursing education. Journal of Professional Nursing, 35(2019): 447-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.03.004
Georges, J. (2008). Bio-power, Agamben, and emerging nursing knowledge. Advances in Nursing Science, 31(1), 4-12. doi: 10.1097/01.ANS.0000311525.50693.9c
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Gordon-Achebe, K., Hairston, D.R., Miller, S., Legha, R., & Starks, S. (2019). Origins of racism in American medicine and psychiatry. In Racism and Psychiatry (pp. 3-19). Humana Press, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90197-8_1
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Gray, DM, Joseph, JJ, Glover, AR, and Olayiwola, JN. (2020). How academia should respond to racism. Nature ReviewsGastroenterology & Hepatology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0349-x
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Kolak, M., Bhatt, J., Park, Y.H., Padron, N.A., & Molefe, A. (2020). Quantification of neighborhood-level social determinants of health in the Continental United States. JAMA Open Network, 3(1). doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19928
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Kneipp, S., Schwartz, T., Drevdahl, D., Canales, M., Santacroce, S., Santos, H., & Anderson, R. (2018). Trends in health disparities, health inequity, and social determinants of health research. Nursing Research, 67(3): 231-241. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000278
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Krieger, N., Van Wye, G., Huynh, M., Waterman, P.D., Maduro, G., Li, W., Gwynn, R.C., Barbot, O., & Bassett, M.T. (2020). Structural racism, historical redlining, and the risk of pre-term birth in New York City, 2013-2017. American Journal of Public Health, 110(7): 1046-1053.
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Kuzawa, C.W. & Sweet, E. (2009). Epigenetics and the embodiment of race: Developmental origins of US racial disparities in cardiovascular health. American Journal of Human Biology, 21(1), 2-15. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20822
Lauderdale, D.S. (2006). Birth outcomes for Arabic-named women in California before and after September 11. Demography, 43(1), 185-201. doi: 10.1353/dem.2006.0008
Lewis, T.T., Cogburn, C.D., & Williams, D.R. (2015). Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: Scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 407-440. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112728
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Massingale, B.N. (2017, August 12). The Ignatian witness to truth in a climate of injustice. Conversations on Jesuit Higher Education, 52(3). Retrieved from http://www.conversationsmagazine.org/web-features/2017/8/12/the-ignatian-witness-to-truth-in-a-climate-of-injustice
Metzl, J.M. & Hansen, H. (2014). Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social Science & Medicine, 103(February 2014), 126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032
Nairn, S., Hardy, C., Parumal. L., & Williams, G.A. (2004). Multicultural or anti-racist teaching in nurse education: A critical appraisal. Nurse Education Today, 24(3), 188-195. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.11.007
Novak, N.L., Geronimus, A.T., & Martinez-Cardoso, A.M. (2017). Change in birth outcomes among infants born to Latina mothers after a major immigration raid. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(3), 839-849. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw346
Nuriddan, A., Mooney, G., & White, A. (2020). Reckoning with histories of medical racism and violence in the USA. The Lancet, 396(10256): 949-951. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32032-8
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Perron, A., Fluet, C., & Holmes, D. (2005). Agents of care and agents of the state: Bio-power and nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(5), 536-544. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03432.x
Puzan, E. (2003). The unbearable whiteness of being (in nursing). Nursing Inquiry, 10(3): 193–200. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1800.2003.00180.x
Romney, P., Tatum, B., & Jones, J. (1992). Feminist strategies for teaching about oppression: The importance of process. Women's Studies Quarterly, 20(1/2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://www.romneyassociates.com/pdf/Romney-Feminist-Approaches.pdf
Schroeder, C. & Diangelo, R. (2010). Addressing whiteness in nursing education: The sociopolitical climate project at the University of Washington School of Nursing. Advanced Nursing Science, 33(3), 244-255. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0b013e3181eb41cf
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Shafer, P. & Ndugga, N. (2020). Fighting the institutionalization of racism in Medicaid. American Journal of Public Health, 110(12): 1790-1791. doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305946
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Sjoding, M., Dickson, R., Iwashyna, T., Gay, S., & Valley, T. (2020). Racial bias in pulse oximetry. New England Journal of Medicine, 383: 2477-2478. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2029240
Streed, C.G., Grasso, C., Reisner, S.L., & Mayer, K.H. (2020). Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection: Clinical and public health importance. American Journal of Public Health, 110(7): 991-993.
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Tatum, B.D. (1999). When you're called a racist. The Education Digest, 65(1), 29-32. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.proxy.seattleu.edu/docview/218158409
Tatum, B.D. (1992). Talking about race, learning about racism: The application of racial identity development theory in the classroom. Harvard Educational Review, 62(1), 1-25. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.proxy.seattleu.edu/docview/212246741
Viruell-Fuentes, E., Miranda, P.Y., Abdulrahim, S. (2012). More than culture: Structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. Social Science & Medicine, 75(12), 2099-2106. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.037
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Vyas, D.A., Eisenstein, L.G., & Jones, D.S. (2020). Hidden in plain sight - Reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms. New England Journal of Medicine, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMms2004740
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Walters, K.L., Mohammed, S.A., Evans-Campbell, T., Beltrán, R.E., Chae, D.H., & Duran, B. (2011). Bodies don't just tell stories, they tell histories: Embodiment of historical trauma among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Du Bois Review, 8(1), 179-189. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X1100018X
Williams, D.R., Mohammed, S.A., Leavell, J., & Collins, C. (2010). Race, socioeconomic status, and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186(1), 69-101. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x